Internal combustion engine



Mardi 9, 1937. N. EN HQLM 2,072,881

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE INVENToR M AM BY yATToRNEY March 9, 1937.

N. EN HOLM INTERNAL COMBUS TION ENGINE Filed Oct. '7, 1933 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR ToRNr-:Y

Malh 9, 1937. N. EN HoLM 2,072,881

INTER-NAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Oct. '7,V 1933 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 SO Y lNvEhNToR Patented 9, 1937 STATES Unire PATENT OFFICE Norman En Holm, New York, N. Y., assignor to one-half to Henry T. Lilliendahl, New York,

Application october '1, 193s, serial No. 692,601'

10 Claims.

This invention relates to internal combustion engines and is particularly directed to a device for air cooling an engine.

An object of this invention is to provide an internal combustion engine having means for uniformly cooling the same so that there will be no uneven strains on the engine parts by the internal heat developed.

A further object of this invention is to cool the external portions of the engine as well as the interior of the cylinders and valve housings and the pistons.

A still further object of this invention is to control the temperature of the engine for maintaining a substantially uniform temperature.

Another object of this invention is to provide in an internal combustion engine of the char- Aacter described means controlled by the heat of the engine to adjust the carburetor fuel mixture whereby the engine may be fed a richer mixture when it is cold and a leaner mixture when it is Warm and thus further controlling the temperature of the engine.

Still another object of this invention is toprovide a strong, rugged, compact air cooling device for an internal combustion engine which shall comprise comparatively few and simple parts, which shall be relatively inexpensive to manufacture, which may be installed on engines now ln use or incorporated into new engines, which shall be smooth and positive in operation, and nevertheless, practical and efiicient to a high degree.

Other objects of this invention will in part be obvious and in part hereinafter pointed out.

The invention accordingly consists in the features of construction, combinations of elements, and arrangement of parts which will be exemplied in the construction hereinafter described, and of which the scope of application will be indicated in the following claims.

In the accompanying drawings, in which is shown one of the various possible'illustrative embodiments of this invention, A

Fig. 1 is a Lside elevational view of an engin provided with cooling means embodying the invention, with parts in cross-section;

Fig. 2 is a horizontal, sectional view of the cooling head;

Fig. 3 is a side elevational view of the shutter control mechanism;

Fig. 4 is a side elevational view of the engine shown in Fig. 1 from an opposite side;

Fig. 5 is a transverse, vertical, sectional view through one of the cylinders of the cooling mechanism associated therewith;

Fig. 5a is a partial, cross-sectional view taken on line Suf-5a of Fig. 1;

(Cl. 12S-171) Fig. 6 is a side elevational view of another form of the invention;

Fig. 7 is an elevational View of a V-type engine provided with a cooling system embodying the invention; and Fig. 8 is a top plan view thereof.

Referring to Figs. 1 to 5a of the drawing, the reference numeral I designates generally the cylinder block which may comprise any number of cylinders as is customary in the construction of internal combustion engines. The air cooling system forming the subject matter of this invention is so designed that the engine cylinders may be cast en bloc in the customary manner. A cylinder head 2 is arranged over the cylinder block and may be provided with a plurality of cooling fins 3 on its upper' side, as shownin Figs. 1 and 5 of the drawings.

Referring te Fig. 5, the cylinder 4 communicates with the space 5 within the head in the usual manner and valve ports 6 alsoV communicate with the space within the head. A piston 1 is mounted in the cylinder and is connected to a crank 8 by a piston rod 9 in the usual manner. 'Ihecrank 8 is carried bythecrank shaft S'mounted in the crank casing I0. Thevalve port 6 is controlled by a valve I I of conventional construction. The valve is operated from a cam shaft I2 driven by the crank shaft in the usual manner.

The cooling system formingr thesubject matter of the invention consists of a casing I3 which is mounted over the cylinder head and spaced therefrom as shown and forming a chamber therewith. The casing member I3 is provided with anges or lips I4 engaging the edges l 5 of the cylinder head whereby the casing is closed on each side. The cylinder head casting is provided with suitable openings 44 and I6 (see Fig. 2), the latter communicating with cooling spaces I'I on the sides of the. engine cylinder. These cooling spaces are formed by plates I8 spaced from the side and end walls of the cylinder. The side Wall may be corrugated as indicated at I9 (see Fig. 4). The openings I6 are preferably of unequal sizes and may be designed or proportioned to feed varying amounts of air to the different cylinders of an engine whereby those cylinders which are found in actual operation to develop the most heat may be caused toreceive'a greater amount of the cooling fluid. The size of said opening I6 is therefore proportional to the heat developed at the adjacent cylinders.

The openings 44 in the cylinder head communicate with the spaces 44a surrounding the valve housings 45 to permit circulation of the cooling air around the valves. These spaces in turn communicate with the atmosphere through openings 46.

The front end of the casing I3 communicates with a blower casing 20. A rotary fan blower 2| is mounted in the casing and is carried by a vertical shaft 22. Said shaft is adapted to be drivenl from the crank shaft by suitable gearings 23 which drive a vertical shaft 24. 'l'.hel shaft 22 is in vertical alignment with the shaft 24 and is connected thereto by a strip 25 of springl metal,

thus forming a flexible connection between the gearing and the fan.

The blower is provided with a suitable inlet 26 and the outlet or discharge end 21 thereof communicates with the front end of the casing I3. A plurality of parallel shutters .28 Iare mounted Iin the blower discharge preferably on pivotpins or pintles 29. The shutters are provided with arms 30 connected at the upper ends thereof, to,

each other by a connecting link 3|. A thermostat 32 of any suitable' type is arranged in the engine block, as shown in Fig. 1 of the drawings. The thermostat may be arranged at any suitable point dictated by the design and conf collector 50.

struction of the particular engine. The thermo-- stat is connected to an arm 33 which is connected by a link 34 to an arm 35 connected to one of the pivot pins 29 of the shutters.` It will be apparent that the regulation of the air feed is thus automatically controlled by theoperation of the thermostat. Upon rise in temperature of the cylinders, the thermostat will act to swing arms 33 in a counterclockwise direction, looking at Fig. 3, and open the shutters to a greater degree and admit a greater amount of cooling air from the blower. As the cylinders cool, the arm 33 swings in a clockwise direction and the iiow of air is reduced by action of the thermostat.

'I'he construction heretofore described, provides means for cooling the exterior of the engine cylinders. I further provide means for introducing atmospheric air into the crank case to cool the interior of the cylinders, and the pistons and into the valve spring housing to cool the valve mechanism. As shown, a pipe or conduit 36 vis connected to the blower casing 20 at one end and to the crank case I0 at the other end whereby heated air will be exhausted from the crank case air delivered to each piston. Said valves 4'll may be ofl any suitable construction and are preferably adjusted and set.

I also provide openings 42 in the valve spring housing through which air is adapted to be drawn. Openings 42 communicate with a longitudinally extending pipe or header 41 through branches 48.

Each of the branches may be provided with a butterfly valve 49. Header 41 is open to the atmosphere, and may be provided with a dust Air entering the valve spring housings through branch pipes 48 passes into the crank case below the piston through openings 43 in the cylinder wall. The slight vacuum in the crank case will cause air to flow from the valve housing into the crank case and hence'ilow of air through pipes 41 and 48 into said valve housings for cooling the same. The construction just described not only provides means for cooling the interior of the piston and the valve nmechanism but is also of advantage in bad ture.

weather in that the introduction of `warm air into the blower casing through the pipe 36 prevents the accumulation of -ice or sleet in the blower when the vehicle is operating in stormy weather at near or below freezing temperatures. The valve housing walls may be cooled by air from they blower entering the openings 44 and passing out through openings 46'. l

Means is further `provided for regulating the carburetor of the engine whereby the richness of the fuel mixture is controlled by the heat of the engine. To this end the carburetor 10, which may be of any suitable construction, is provided with an air inlet -1I having a buttery valve 12 therein.` Attached to the valve 12 is an arm 13 disposed externally of the inlet 1I. Interconnecting the arm 33 of the thermostat 32 with said arm 13 is a link 14. The valve 12 is so connected to the arm 33 that as the engine heats up and the arm 33 moves in a counterclockwise direction, looking at Fig. 3 of the drawings, for opening the shutters 28, the valve 12 will also open to provide a leaner mixture. As the arm 33 moves in a clockwise direction, looking at Fig. 3 upon the engine cooling down, the-shutters 28 will be moved towards closing position to cut down the flow of air above the cylinder head, and the valve 12 will be moved toward closing position for cutting down the iiow of air through the inlet 1I whereby the engine is fed a richer mix- Since a richer mixture tends to heat up the engine, control of the richness of the mixture will control the temperature o f the engine. The temperature 'of the engine is thus controlled simultaneously through the blower and the carburetor whereby a uniform heat may be maintained. f

In Fig. 6 of the drawings, I have shown a form of the invention adapted particularly for use with six and eight cylinder engines with the cylinders arranged in line. As shown, a blower is arranged centrally of the engine block and is driven from the crank shaft 9 by suitable gearing 6I. 'Ihis gearing drives a vertical shaft 62`connected to the shaft of the blower by a. strip 25 of springmetal similar to the drive in the form shown in Figs. 1 to 5a. The blower is provided with a suitable inlet Y63 and is arranged within a casing 64 similar to the casing I3 heretofore described and spaced from the cylinder head 2 in the same from the blower is directed over the cylinder head in all directions. The shutters 65 which control the amount of air passing throughthe blower are therefore placed on the inlet side 63 of the blower. These shutters may be controlled by a thermostat in the manner heretofore described and inasmuch as the operation of the thermostat is essentially the same as in the form heretofore described, further description and illustration of it is believed to be unnecessary. The casing 64 isv spaced from the cylinder head and the front and side walls of the cylinder in the same manner as the casing I3 and the cylinder head is provided with the openings I6 and 44 by means of which the air passes around the various portions of the engine block. A detailed description of these portions of the form shown in Fig. 6, is, therefore, believed to be unnecessary.

The construction herein providedwill give uniform and even cooling of an internal combustion engine and will allow the use of engine parts now used in the construction of internal combustion provided with a separate casing the air discharged n engines cooled by water. It is designed to prevent uneven-strains on the partslof the engine and the engine cylinders may, therefore, be cast en bloc as is the usual practice in the construction of most internal combustion engines for automobile use. The thermostatic regulation of the admission of air and the control of the ieed to the various cylinders by the regulation of the size of the openings it permits very ehcient results to be obtained and produces uniform cooling of the engine cylinders regardless of the conditions under which the engine is operating.

vIn Fig. '7 there is illustrated a. usual V-type engine dii provided with a pair of casings @i and 82 covering the two lines of cylinder heads and forming chambers communicating with a central blower 33 located adjacent one cnf-,i of the engine. The outlet ends of the blower t3 may be con-- trolled by sets of shutters t5 and 8% having arms dta and tta, respectively, interconnected by links itl. A member di connected to the arms 35 may be interconnected to a thermostat, similar to the thermostat 32, and located in any suitable point on the engine 8d. The engine tt may be provided with suitable plates iii and openings dit and' it whereby air may be delivered around the cylinders and between the valve housing in the manner described above.

It will thus be seen that therel is provided a device in which the several objects of this invention are achieved, and which is well adapted to meet the conditions of practical use.

Wil)

As various possible embodiments might be made of the above invention, and as various changes might be made in the embodiments set forth, it is to be understood that "'all matter herein set forth or shown in the accompanying drawings is to be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent:-

1. Aninternal combustion engine comprising' a plurality of cylinders, a cylinder head for said cylinders, a casing arranged over said head, a blower for feeding air through the space between said head and said casing, a connection from the crank case of thev engine to said blower to exhaust air from said crank case, the valve spring housings of said engine being provided with openings to permit iniiow of atmospheric air therein, and the cylinder walls adjacent said valve spring housings being provided with openings whereby air may ow from said .valve spring housing into said crank case.

2. An. internal combustion engine comprising a plurality ci cylinders, a cylinder head for said cylinders, a casing arranged over said head, a blower to deliver air through said casing, a plate arranged on the side of said engine and spaced therefrom, said cylinder head being provided with ports communicating with the space between said plate and engine, said cylinder head being further provided with ports communicating with the .spaces around the valve housings to permit cooling of the valves. J

3. An internal combustion engine having a chamber above the cylinder head, means for blowing air through said chamber, means associated with said blowing means for exhausting air from the crank casing of said engine, said crank 'casmg having an opening communicating with' the atmosphere, and a valve spring housing of said engine having an opening communicating with the interiorof said crank casing.

e. An internal combustion engine having a chamber above the cylinder head, means for blowing air through said chamber, means associated vwith said blowing means for exhausting air from the crank casing of said engine, said crank casing having an opening communicating with the atmosphere, a valve spring housing of said engine having an opening communicating with said crank casing, and said valve spring housing having an opening communicating with the atmosphere.

5. in an internal combustion engine, means for blowing air over the cylinder head, means associated' with said first means for exhausting air from the crank casing of said engine, and a pipe open tothe atmosphere and extending into said casing and terminating below a piston of said engine.

- 6. An internal combustion engine comprising a plurality of cylinders, a cylinder head for said cylinders, a casing arranged over said head, a fan blower `for feeding air through the space between said head and said casing, a conduit from the crank case of the engine to the inlet end of said blower to exhaust air from said crank case as the blower operates, an air feed pipe open to the atmosphere arranged adjacent said crank case, valved branches connecting said feed pipe to said crank case, said valved branches directing air to the inside of the pistons, and means' controlled by the temperature of the engine for regulating said fan blower.

7 An internal A'combustion engine having a, cylindex head and a chamber above the cylinder head, means for blowing air through said chamber, means associated with said blowing means for exhausting air from the crank casing of said engine, a valve spring housing of said'engine having an opening communicating with said crank casing, said valve spring housing having an opening communicating with the atmosphere, and means controlled by the temperature of said engine for regulating said blowing means.

8. An internal combustion engine having a cylinder head and a chamber above the cylinder head, means forblowng air through said chamber, means associated with said blowing means for exhausting air from the crank casing of said engine, a valvespring housing of said engine having an opening communicating with said crank casing, said valve spring-housing having an opening communicating with the atmosphere, means controlled by the temperature of said engine for regulating said blowing means, and means associated with said last mentioned means for eimultaneously regulating the richness of mixturef fuel fed to said engine.

i 9. In combination with an internal combustion engine, fan blower means for blowing air over external portions of the cylinders of said engine,

means associated with said blowing means for ex v lcommunicating with the atmosphere.

10. In combination with an internal combustion engine, means for blowing air over external portions of the cylinders oi said engine, controllable means associated with said rst means for cooling the pistons within said cylinders, and,

controllable means associated with said rst means for cooling the insides of the valve spring housings of said engine whereby distortion of the Acylinder is prevented.v

NORMAN EN HOLM. 

